The understandable notes- Acid, Base and Salts, Class 10, Part -1

ACID

• They are sour in taste.
• They turns blue litmus red
• They doesn’t have any effect on turmeric
• Acids are those substances which gives H+ ions when dissolved in water.
• Like hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid.

(Ab dekho 7th class, vo kya thi, chalo mai tumhe basic se batata hu ki acid vo substance hote hai jo ki taste mai sour hote hai yani ki khatte imli ki tarah. Ab tum kisi acid ko taste to karoge nahi ki vo sour hai ya nahi to isi liye hum indicators ka use krte hai, bike walo ki baat nahi ho rahi hai yaha par. To indicators kai tarike ke hote hai lekin litmus ek kafi popular indicator hai. Ab litmus do tarike ke hote hai blue or red. Ab acid blue litmus to red kr deti hai aur red litmus ko kuch nahi krti to ye ek chota sa test hai acid ko check krne ka. Baki ek indicators ka topic purs aaega jo aapko is confusion se nikal dega ki konsa acid hai aur konsa base. Ek kafi important definition ye hai ki acid H+ ions ko release krti hai water ke andar. Ise inside aqueous medium bhi keh sakte hai to confuse mat hona. Chalo ab bases ki baat krte hai. )

BASES

• They are bitter in taste
• They turns red litmus blue
• They turns turmeric red.
• They release hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water.
• They are soapy or slippery in touch
• Like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide etc.

(Ab baat krte hai acid ke dushman ki. To bases ki property acid se bilkul opposite hoti hai. Bases taste mai bitter hote hai aur red litmus ko blue kr dete hai. Aur bases turmeric ko red krte hai. Kabhi kisi paper par turmeric paste laga kr uspe thodi si soap rub krna to aapko pata chal jayega ki turmeric bhi ek indicator hai aur soap mai base hota hai. Aur sabse jaroori baat paani ke andar dissolve hone par base hydroxide ions ko release krte hai. Ab ye ions kya hai aur inka reaction kis tarah se hota hai yehi hai is pure chapter mai to tension not. Baki bases to touch kr e par ek slippery or soapy feel aati hai. Nahi yakin hota to ghar ka baking soda ko fingers se rub krke dekho ek slippery feel aaega.)

INDICATORS

Indicators are those substance which change their colour or Odour to represent that the given substance is acid or base. The indicators which change their Odour or smell is called olfactory indicators. 

( Haan to indicators ke bare mai to bas yahi hai ki ye a id aur base mai alag alag colours show krte hai aur kuch indicators alag smell bhi show krte hai. Ab jo alag smell show krte hai unhe olfactory indicators bolte hai. Nah iye kisi factory mai taiyar nahi hote bas inka naam hai. )

REACTION OF ACID AND BASE WITH METALS

When a acid reacts with metal, it usually forms a salt and release hydrogen gas. You can check the presence of hydrogen has by burning it because hydrogen burns with a pop sound. 

( Ab dekho reaction maine pehle bhi bataya hai ki yaad krne wali chiz hai agar ye hi nahi pata joga ki acids react krke banata kya hai to aur reaction likh pana impossible hai. To acid metal ke satg react krke salt banata hai aur hydrogen gas banata hai. Iska ek example nichle likhdeta hu baki tum dekh lena.)

Usually bases does.not react with all metals, they inly react with some metals like zinc. When a base reacts.with metal it forms complex metal salt and release hydrogen gas.

Like when zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide it forms sodium zincate and release hydrogen gas. The reaction can be written as

( Ab bases har kisi metal ke sath react nahi krte. Bases high value substance hai jo har jagah muh nahi marta. Ye wali baat bases ke liye nahi thi. Haan to bases usually thode se jyada reactive metals ke sath hi react krte hai aur product same banta hai jo ki acid mai banta hai par bases mai simple salt ki jagah complex metal salt ki formation hoti hai aur ye jo upar reaction likha hai ye bahut important hai ise yaad kr lena.)

REACTION OF METAL CARBONATE AND METAL HYDROGEN CARBONATE WITH ACIDS

When a metal carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) or a metal hydrogen carbonate (such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as sodium bicarbonate) reacts with an acid, it produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

Reaction of metal carbonate with acids

The reaction of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate is given below,

(Ab metals ke baad numbe aata hai metal carbonates aur metal hydrogen carbonates ka. Inka reaction sirf acids ke sath hi padhna hai. To jab bhi metal carbonate, ye to pata hoga ki carbonates ions CO3 hota hai jis par -2 ka charge hota hai. Ye ninth class mai padha hoga. Haan to jab bhi metal carbonates ya metal hydrogen carbonate acids ke sath react krte hai tab produce hota hai salt, carbon dioxide aur water. Yaar dekho reaction to yaad krne wali chiz hai inme samjhane wala kuch nahi hota. Ab agar koi metal carbonate ka reaction puch le to tumhe do final products to pata hi honge baki bache hue ka use krke ek salt bana dena. Iski practice kr lena book se.)

REACTION OF ACID AND BASE WITH EACH OTHER

When an acid reacts with a base, it forms a corresponding salt and water. They neutralize each other. This reaction is also called a neutralization reaction.

( To ab bari aati hai acid aur bases ki ek dusre sath reaction krne ki. To jara socho kya hoga. Acid or base dono opposite nature ke substance hai. To react krke dono ki hi property  khatam ho jayenge. Yani formation hongi salt ki aur water ki. Chalo ek trick batata hu acid H ions ko release krta hai aur base OH ko to in dono ko milakar H2O hi banega na. Ye bas trick hai yaad krne ke liye. Chalo ek ghar ka example deta hu, apni mummy se puchna ki karele ke kadwepan ko dur krne ke liye usme kya daalte hai, mostly unka answer amchoor hoga jo ki taste mai sour hota, ddalne ko to meetha bhi daal sakte hai par kyonki base to neutralize acid krta hai isi liye bitter gourd mai am hoor powder ko add kiya jata hai.)

Some reactions are given below

(Dekho ye kuch reactions hai inhe krne ke liye ninth class clear ho i chahiye aur nahi hai to major acid ke ions par kya charge hota hai padh lena nahi pata to mai ek table chipka deta hu additional help ke liye.

Baki karyawahi agle part mai.