The understandable notes- Carbon and its compounds, Class 10,Part -7

 ETHANOL

Chemical formula of ethanol is C2H5OH. It means it belongs to the family of alcohols. Ethanol has many physical and chemical properties and it is also used at many places as described below. 

(To naam se pehchan to liya hi hoga ki methanol ka bada bhai hai jisme do carbon hote hai. To ethanol vahi compound hai kise alcohol bhi kehte hai. Aur aap ko bas iske uses aur properties padhni hai. Baki isko prepare krne ke method syllabus mai nahi hai kahi ghar par hi alcohol na factory bane de students. To chalo iski physical aur chemical properties dekhte hai.)

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

1) State-: Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature. It is colourless and volatile in nature.

(Room temperature par ethanol liquid hota hai aur iska colour transparent hota hai. Aur ye volatile hota hai. Volatile ka matlab ye hai ki ye easily evaporate ho jata hai. Ab kabhi petrol ko ek bowl mai daal kr dekhna ki uske upar se kuch fumes dikhai dengi. To petrol bhi volatile hota hai. Isi tarah se ethanol bhi volatile hota hai.)

2) Odour -: It has a sweet and pleasant smell.

( Maine to jab practical kiya tha tab bahut bekar thi par kisi sharabi ne shayad likh di hai to sweet man lena.)

3) Boiling point-: Nearly 78° C or 351 Kelvin.

( Yaar dekho agar koi liquid room temperature par apne aap hi evaporate ho raha hai to uska boiling point to kam hi hoga na. Ise yaad kr lena paper mai likh kr aana  padega. Is part mai sab kuch yaad krne ka hi hai.)

4) Solubility-: It is completely soluble with water with any proportions.

( Alcohol to pani mai soluble hota hi hai. Agar nahi yakeen hota to ghar la kr check kr kena. Par ye experiment apne risk par kre.)

5) Density-: Ethanol is less dense than water.

( Density matlab ghanatv. Yani ki kitni volume mai kitna mass aa paega. Ise isse samjho ki agar ek 1x1x1 metre ke box mai alcohol bharu aur usi box mai water fill kr du to water ka weight alcohol se jyada hoga.)

6) Flammablility-: Ethanol is highly flammable and it burns with a blue flame.

( Dekho alcohol ko pine ke alawa bhi fuel ki tarah use krte hai aur fuel ki tarah usi chix ko use kra ja sakta ho jo flammable ho. Aur ethanol blue flame ke sath jalta hai jaise aapke ghar ka gas stove jalta hai. Is se ek chiz aur clear hoti hai ki ethanol ka complete combustion hota hai.)

7) Reaction with oxidising agent-: When alcohol is reacted with oxidising agent it forms ethanal and on further oxidising it changes to ethanoic acid. 

( Ye to padha tha chemical properties mai ki jab bhi alcohols ka oxidation hota hai tab vo pehle to aldehyde banate hai aur baad mai carboxylic acid. )

USES

1. As a Beverage: It is the main ingredient in alcoholic drinks like beer, wine, and liquor. It is used in its dilute form in drinks but comsumption of small amount of pure ethanol can be lethal.

(Daru ya alcohol ka jo use logo ko pata hai vo yehi hai. Ise drinks mai peete hai. Aur drinks mai generally 42% concentrated alcohol hoti hai.Lekin agar ek dhakkan bhi pure alcohol ko koi consume krta hai to vo use yamraj ke darshan bhi kara sakti hai. Aur iska liver aur body pr bhi negative imapct hota hai. Ye koi majak ki chiz nahi hai jinke ghar mai kamane wala ko hi drink krne ki aadat ho us ghar mai kitni problems hoti hai ye sabko pata hai. Aur kyo showoff ke chakkar mai padna. Chalo ye chemistry hai ethics nhi.)

2. Fuel: Ethanol is used as a biofuel and is mixed with gasoline in ethanol fuels.

( Ethanol ko biofuel ki tarah bhi use kiya jata hai. An niche photo mai modi ji e20 fuel ke inauguration par dikhai de rahe hai. To e20 ka matlab ye hi hai ki petrol 80% aur ethanol 20%. E-20 ka to example bhi likh aana.)

3. Solvent: It is used in making medicines, perfumes, and paints.

( Ethanol ka use kafi sari medicines banane mai bhi hota hai aur cough syrups mai to khas kr. Baki perfumes vagera mai bhi iska use hota hai.)

4) Antiseptic: Ethanol is used in hand sanitizers and as a cleaning agent in hospitals.

(Covid ke time par sabne alcohol based sanitizer to use kiya hi hoga jisme 70% alcohol hoti thi. To isse pata chalta hai ki alcohol antiseptic bji hota hai.) 

5. In Chemical Industry: It helps make other chemicals like ethyl acetate and acetic acid.

( Ye to humne piche bhi padha hai ki ethanol ke oxidation krke ethanal aur ethanoic acid banaye jate hai.)

ETHANOIC ACID

Ethanoic acid is a common acid used in daily life with a molecular formula of CH3COOH.

( Ethanoic acid ko kaha kaha aur kaise use krte hai chalo dwkhte hai. )

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

1. Appearance:

Ethanoic acid is a clear, colorless liquid.

It smells like vinegar because vinegar contains ethanoic acid.

(Ethanol ki tarah ye bhi colourless liquid hai. Aur iski smell vinegar jaisi hoti hai. Kyonki ye vinegar mai bhi present hoti hai.)

2. Boiling Point:

It boils at 118°C or 391 Kelvin.

( dekho iska boiling point water se jyada hai kyonki isme hydrogen bonding hoti hai. Ab vo kya hoti hai ye tumhe pata krne ki jarurat nhi hai.)

3. Solubility:

It dissolves easily in water, meaning it forms a clear and uniform solution when mixed with water.

(Ethanol ki tarah ye bhi pani me dissolve ho jati hai.)

4) Weak Acid:

Ethanoic acid is an acid, but it is not very strong.

When it is mixed with water, only a small amount of it breaks into ions, which makes it a weak acid.

(Ab ethanoic acid ek weak acid hai. Yani ki jab isko water me dissolve krte hai tab ye ionize to hoti hai par completely nahi. Acid, base and salt to padha hi hoga. Nahi padha to agla chapter vo hi aaega. Ab strong acid vo hoti hai jo completely dissociate ho jati hai. Lekin ethanoic acid completely dissociate nahi hoti.)

5. Freezing Point:

At a temperature of 17°C or 290 kelvin, pure ethanoic acid freezes into ice-like crystals. This is why it is also called glacial acetic acid when pure.

(To iska freexing point kafi kam hota hai. Yani ki ye room temperature se 10° kam par bhi freeze ho jati hai. To iska matlab ye hai ki sardiyo mai to ye freeze ho jani chahiye lekin ab agar koi soch raha hai ki agar vinegar mai ye present hoti hai to fir vo kyu nahi freeze hota to pure acid sirf 5-10% hi present hoti hai.)